Dietary carotenoids and skin melanin content influence the coloration of farmed red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)

The present study investigates the effects of dietary carotenoid sources on the coloration of the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus. Red porgies (131.9 ± 16.2 g; mean ± SD) were fed for 12 weeks on five different diets supplemented with red carotenoids (mainly astaxanthin esters) supplied from Haematococcus pluvialis algae and yellow carotenoids (mainly β‐carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) supplied from Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. and Spirulina, Spirulina pacifica. The carotenoid‐supplemented diets did not have any marked effect on the growth rate, the feed conversion ratio, the daily feeding rate, or the hepatosomatic index of red porgy. The biochemical indices measured in plasma including cholesterol, total proteins, glucose, lactate, phospholipids, non‐esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and thyroid hormones did not differ significantly among groups. Diet did not affect significantly the melanophore‐area coverage, the melanin skin concentration and skin lightness. Carotenoid‐supplemented diets affected significantly the carotenoid deposition in the skin, the presence and distribution of erythorphores and xanthophores, and skin hue and chroma. Overall, data have shown the efficacy of Haematococcus algae in promoting a reddish coloration in red porgy.     

红棕油对樱桃谷肉鸭屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉营养成分的影响

为研究红棕油对樱桃谷肉鸭屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉营养物成分的影响,选取1日龄健康、体重为（50±2.01）g的樱桃谷肉仔鸭640羽,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复16羽,公母各半。对照组饲喂添加0.45%棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂添加0.15%红棕油+0.3%棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验2组饲喂添加0.3%红棕油+0.15%棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验3组饲喂添加0.45%红棕油的基础饲粮,试验期为42 d。结果表明：（1）试验2组半净膛率较对照组提高5.41%（P < 0.05）|试验2组和3组胸肌率分别较对照组提高8.68%（P < 0.05）和11.72%（P < 0.05）。（2）试验1组和试验3组腿肌45 min pH分别较对照组提高3.68%和1.67%（P < 0.05）。试验1、2、3组胸肌24 h pH分别较对照组提高1.41%、2.30%、4.95%（P < 0.05）。（3）试验2组和3组的胸肌水分分别较对照组提高1.99%和1.74%（P < 0.05）。试验2组和试验3组腿肌粗脂肪分别较对照组提高9.68%和9.57%（P < 0.05）。综合分析,红棕油添加水平为0.3%时可以提高樱桃谷肉鸭屠宰性能,改善肉品质,增加肌内脂肪含量。 [关键词] 红棕油|肉鸭|屠宰性能|肉品质|肌肉营养物质     

培养时间和接种密度对咖啡短体线虫繁殖和形态的影响

采用胡萝卜片培养短体线虫技术,测试不同培养时间和接种密度对咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)繁殖和形态的影响。结果表明,在25℃培养条件下,每片胡萝卜(厚10 mm,直径3 cm)接种25头线虫雌虫,线虫的数量随培养时间的延长而增加,前3周线虫的繁殖系数为6.24,线虫的群体数量增长缓慢;第3~6周线虫的繁殖系数略有增高,为8.99;第6~9周其繁殖系数高达17.88,线虫群体数量快速增长;之后,线虫群体数量增速下降,其繁殖系数降为1.42。在接种不同密度线虫的实验中,线虫的群体数量均显著增长,其繁殖系数在不同接种密度处理中差异不显著;随机挑取10头雄虫与雌虫,比较不同线虫密度对线虫形态特征的影响,结果表明,线虫密度除对雌虫的b值(体长/头顶至食道腺与肠连接处长)有显著影响外,对雄虫和雌虫的其他形态特征测量值均无显著影响。     

棉花高光谱及其红边特征(Ⅱ)

通过大田和室内试验,测定了2个棉花品种的冠层、完全展开倒1、3叶在不同时期的高光谱反射率及对应叶片的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量。结果表明:棉花冠层光谱红边具有“双峰”和“红边平台”现象,且红边位置λ_(red)位于695～720nm之间,红边幅值Dλ_(red)和红边面积S_(red)有“红移”和“蓝移”现象;叶面积指数、鲜叶重和干叶重与冠层光谱红边参数λ_(red)、Dλ(red)、S_(red)之间存在显著相关,叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量与其反射光谱的λ_(red)、Dλ(red)、S_(red)也有显著相关。     

陆地棉亚红株突变的质量遗传规律研究

分析了陆地棉亚红株突变体的淡红叶性状与当日红花性状的质量遗传规律,结果显示,淡红叶性状是受一对不完全显性基因控制的质量性状。连锁分析表明:淡红叶性状与当日红花性状完全连锁,是受同一对显性基因控制的质量性状;淡红叶与棕絮性状符合两对性状完全独立分离规律,不存在连锁遗传关系。等位性测定显示,淡红叶性状与经典红叶性状杂交后代,符合两对显性基因控制的独立分离理论比例,表明控制亚红株突变的基因与控制经典红叶的R1基因不在同一基因位点。根据以上试验结果,推定陆地棉亚红株突变是一个新的质量突变性状,暂将它的基因符号定为RS。     

Genetic variability among elite red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) parents used in Chile as revealed by RAPD markers

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the main forage species of temperate regions. Cultivars of red clover are heterogeneous which makes their genetic analysis difficult. We applied RAPDs (Random Amplifed Polymorphic DNA) in order to assess the genetic relationship and levels of genetic variability existing among a group of 16 elite red clover parents organised in four subsets of 4 parents each. Out of 55 primers 21 provided reproducible results. A total of 135 reliable and polymorphic RAPD bands were detected which were used to estimate genetic distances among pair-wise combinations of elite parents. Nei and Li's similarity values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77, with a mean of 0.66, which reflects a rather high genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated. Lower levels of genetic variability, as detected by polymorphic loci and mean heterogeneity values, were detected in a subset of parents selected for resistance to the stem nematode. Cluster analyses resolved the different sets of parents in a manner consistent with what is known from their breeding origins. An Analysis of Molecular Variance detected substantial levels of variation within subsets of parents. RAPDs represent a valuable source of genetic information for red clover breeding programmes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Intra-varietal variation for in vitro plant regeneration in the genus Trifolium

Summary Seedlings of Trifolium repens showed considerable variation with regard to the morphology and growth of their calli, and their ability for in vitro differentiation of shoots. One of the lines selected for regeneration in primary callus cultures also showed shoot formation from protoplasts. Somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of T. pratense and T. arvense occurred only in selected seedling lines. This paper highlights the importance of screening a large number of plants within a cultivar of outbreeding species to achieve reproducible plant regeneration from tissue culture.     

不同氨基酸组合对真鲷(Chrysophrys major)诱食效果的研究

试验以真鲷为试验对象,采用迷宫法,以丙氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸作为诱食剂原料,经不同组合后测定其对真鲷的诱食效果。结果显示,甘氨酸+组氨酸的诱食效果最好,其各种组合的诱食效果依次为甘氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸>甘氨酸>组氨酸>丙氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+甘氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+精氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸。     

陕西渭北旱源地区葡萄节水施肥与栽培技术研究

介绍了在海拔700～1000m高度且无灌溉条件的陕西渭北旱塬地区葡萄的节水施肥和"V"形架栽培技术,并将其与水肥条件良好的平原地区做了比较。结果表明:在陕西渭北旱塬地区使用黑地膜覆盖技术和施肥枪施肥技术,不但节约水肥,而且经济效益显著,值得推广应用。